01 - Preheat oven to 375°F. Grease a standard 12-cup muffin tin generously or line with paper liners.
02 - Combine the diced rhubarb, ½ cup granulated sugar, and 2 tablespoons melted butter in a medium bowl, tossing until the rhubarb is evenly coated. Spoon a heaping tablespoon of the mixture into the bottom of each muffin cup, pressing lightly to form an even layer.
03 - In a large mixing bowl, whisk together the flour, remaining ½ cup sugar, baking powder, baking soda, and salt until uniformly blended.
04 - In a separate bowl, whisk the melted and cooled butter, egg, buttermilk, and vanilla extract until smooth and well emulsified.
05 - Pour the wet mixture into the dry ingredients and fold gently with a spatula just until no dry streaks remain. Avoid overmixing to keep the muffins tender.
06 - Divide the batter evenly among the prepared muffin cups, spooning it directly over the rhubarb layer in each cup.
07 - Bake for 22 to 25 minutes, or until a toothpick inserted into the center of a muffin comes out clean and the tops are golden.
08 - Let the muffins rest in the pan for 5 minutes, then carefully run a knife around the edges of each cup. Invert the pan onto a wire rack while still warm so the rhubarb layer ends up on top. Serve slightly warm or at room temperature.