01 - Combine all marinade ingredients in a large bowl. Add chicken pieces, mix thoroughly to coat, cover, and refrigerate for at least 1 hour or overnight for optimal flavor penetration.
02 - Bring water, salt, bay leaves, cardamom pods, cloves, and cinnamon to a rolling boil in a large pot. Add soaked rice and cook until 70% done, approximately 7-8 minutes. Drain thoroughly and set aside, removing whole spices if preferred.
03 - Heat butter and oil in a large skillet over medium heat. Sauté chopped onions until golden brown, approximately 5-6 minutes. Add ginger and garlic paste, stirring constantly for 1 minute until fragrant.
04 - Add marinated chicken to the skillet and cook until lightly browned on all sides, 6-8 minutes. Ensure pieces are evenly seared but not fully cooked through.
05 - Sprinkle garam masala, cumin, paprika, and chili powder over the chicken, stirring to coat evenly. Pour in crushed tomatoes and simmer for 10 minutes. Add heavy cream and sugar, season with salt, and continue simmering until sauce thickens and chicken is fully cooked, 10-15 minutes. Stir in fresh cilantro.
06 - In a large ovenproof Dutch oven or heavy pot, spread half the butter chicken sauce evenly across the bottom. Top with half the partially cooked rice. Drizzle with half the saffron milk, melted butter or ghee, then scatter fried onions, cilantro, and mint. Repeat layering process with remaining ingredients.
07 - Cover tightly with aluminum foil or a secure lid. Bake at 350°F for 25 minutes, or cook over very low stovetop heat for 25 minutes. Remove from heat and let rest for 10 minutes before gently fluffing with a fork and serving.